Quantum mechanics versus realism

Quantum theory accepts the point-like indivisible (classical) character of a particle as a mere product of a measuring process, or what has become known as a collapse. Following the notion of empty waves, which accepts the particle as a real existent entity without regard to the measurement process, we propose an experiment that may shed some light on the reality of the particle and the consequences of that reality.     

The Effect of Alkaline Addition in Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Empty Fruit Bunches on Enzymatic Hydrolysis Efficiencies

In general, lignocellulosic biomass contains three major components, namely lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose which are the polymers of C5 and C6 sugars. Thus, there is potential to utilize of this biomass for bioethanol production. The hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose was difficult due to the more fibrous nature and thus inhibit enzyme penetration into the cellulose. In order to solve this problem, hydrothermal pretreatment can be used for breaking the bonds within the lignin structure and increase the accessibility of enzyme into the cellulose. In this study, the effect of chemical addition, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium oxide (CaO) in hydrothermal pretreatment at 180 °C and 30 minutes reaction time of palm oil empty fruit bunches (EFB) on the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiencies was investigated. The enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated EFB give the highest concentration of glucose at 0.67 g/L while the hydrothermally pretreated of EFB in the presence of NaOH gives the lowest glucose concentration 0.45 g/L.     

Performance analysis of an integrated scheme in optical burst switching high-speed networks

A new integrated scheme based on resource-reservation and adaptive network flow routing to alleviate contention in optical burst switching networks is proposed. The objective of the proposed scheme is to reduce the overall burst loss in the network and at the same time to avoid the packet out-of-sequence arrival problem. Simulations are carried out to assess the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Its performance is compared with that of contention resolution schemes based on conventional routing. Through extensive simulations, it is shown that the proposed scheme not only provides significantly better burst loss performance than the basic equal proportion and hop-length based traffic routing algorithms, but also is void of any packet re-orderings.     

LOM and HOM damping study in a superconducting deflecting cavity for ALS at LBNL

Superconducting deflecting cavities can be used in synchrotron light source to generate subpicosecond X-ray pulses while the impedance of the lower order modes (LOM) and higher order modes (HOM) in the cavity should be kept below an accepted level to avoid beam instability. These modes can be damped by adding waveguide on beam pipe. Detailed simulation of Q in CST Microwave Studio is introduced and experiment results on an aluminum model cavity with damping waveguide are reported to make a comparison.     

The Reality in Bohmian Quantum Mechanics or Can You Kill with an Empty Wave Bullet?

Several situations, in which an empty wave causes an observable effect, are reviewed. They include an experiment showing surrealistic trajectories proposed by Englert et al. and protective measurement of the density of the quantum state. Conditions for observable effects due to empty waves are derived. The possibility (in spite of the existence of these examples) of minimalistic interpretation of Bohmian quantum mechanics in which only Bohmian positions supervene on our experience is discussed.     

On the Physical Reality of Quantum Waves

The main interpretations of the quantum-mechanical wave function are presented emphasizing how they can be divided into two ensembles: The ones that deny and the other ones that attribute a form of reality to quantum waves. It is also shown why these waves cannot be classical and must be submitted to the restriction of the complementarity principle. Applying the concept of smooth complementarity, it is shown that there can be no reason to attribute reality only to the events and not to the wave or to the initial state of a given system. Thereafter, an experiment proposed by the authors is presented, where it is shown that the wave-like behaviour allows predictions that are not allowed on the grounds of a particle-like behaviour. In conclusion, we upheld that quantum waves must be real even if they do not belong to the same ontological level of events, which connected with particle detections.Institute of Philosophy, University of Urbino, Urbino 610 29, Italy; tarizzi@uniurb.it     

On an empty triangle with the maximum area in planar point sets

Let P be a finite set of points in general position in the plane. We evaluate the ratio between the maximum area of an empty triangle of P and the area of the convex hull of P.     

Is Empty Spacetime a Physical Thing?

This article deals with empty spacetime and the question of its physical reality. By “empty spacetime” we mean a collection of bare spacetime points, the remains of ridding spacetime of all matter and fields. We ask whether these geometric objects—themselves intrinsic to the concept of field—might be observable through some physical test. By taking quantum-mechanical notions into account, we challenge the negative conclusion drawn from the diffeomorphism invariance postulate of general relativity, and we propose new foundational ideas regarding the possible observation—as well as conceptual overthrow—of this geometric ether.     

军用光电侦察装备的发展

本文简要介绍了军用光电侦察装备在现代军事侦察中的作用和地位,几种主要军用光电侦察装备的发展趋势,提出了应该采取的技术对策和重点研究的课题。